Overview / Industries
Construction
Low-carbon share of construction energy, 2024
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Low-carbon share
< 10%
10–20
20–30
30–40
40–50
≥ 50%No sector data
European Union (27) — final energy use
117.9 TWh2024
Low-carbon share
16.9%
Fossil share
82.9%
Delivered as electricity
18.9%
European Union (27) — energy sources
2024
Show data table
| Source | TWh | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 3.0 | 2.5% |
| Natural gas | 28.5 | 24.1% |
| Wind | 4.0 | 3.4% |
| Solar | 2.5 | 2.1% |
| Nuclear | 5.2 | 4.4% |
| Bioenergy & other renewables | 5.2 | 4.4% |
| Coal | 2.6 | 2.2% |
| Oil | 66.7 | 56.5% |
| Other (heat, waste) | 0.3 | 0.2% |
European Union (27) — over time
Show data table
| Year | Hydro | Natural gas | Wind | Solar | Nuclear | Bioenergy & other renewables | Coal | Oil | Other (heat, waste) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 3.0 | 28.5 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 2.6 | 66.7 | 0.3 |
| 2023 | 2.9 | 25.4 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 3.2 | 67.5 | 0.3 |
| 2022 | 2.5 | 26.7 | 3.8 | 1.9 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 69.8 | 0.3 |
| 2021 | 3.0 | 30.2 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 6.4 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 67.7 | 0.4 |
| 2020 | 2.7 | 24.5 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 66.7 | 0.4 |
| 2019 | 2.7 | 28.6 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 6.4 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 67.4 | 0.4 |
| 2018 | 2.7 | 19.7 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 64.4 | 0.4 |
| 2017 | 2.1 | 25.5 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 5.4 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 49.1 | 0.4 |
| 2016 | 2.3 | 24.5 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 5.2 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 46.7 | 0.4 |
| 2015 | 2.2 | 23.0 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 5.2 | 2.3 | 4.9 | 47.0 | 0.4 |
| 2014 | 2.5 | 28.3 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 5.0 | 45.6 | 0.5 |
| 2013 | 2.6 | 29.6 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 5.7 | 2.1 | 5.5 | 44.3 | 0.5 |
| 2012 | 2.4 | 29.8 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 5.9 | 2.4 | 5.7 | 44.7 | 0.6 |
| 2011 | 2.2 | 23.0 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 6.1 | 2.2 | 5.7 | 46.7 | 0.6 |
| 2010 | 2.4 | 22.3 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 5.6 | 2.1 | 4.9 | 40.5 | 0.7 |
| 2009 | 1.8 | 14.8 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 4.9 | 42.3 | 0.8 |
| 2008 | 1.8 | 15.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 1.4 | 4.6 | 47.6 | 0.8 |
| 2007 | 1.6 | 10.7 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 4.5 | 50.4 | 0.9 |
| 2006 | 1.5 | 10.7 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 54.1 | 1.0 |
| 2005 | 1.5 | 10.5 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 4.1 | 54.0 | 0.9 |
Country comparison, 2024
Sorted by low-carbon share. Electricity attributed to each country's generation mix.
Click a bar to drill down.
Show data table
| Country | Hydro | Natural gas | Wind | Solar | Nuclear | Bioenergy & other renewables | Coal | Oil | Other (heat, waste) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 61.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 35.9% | 0.0% |
| Luxembourg | 3.9% | 21.3% | 16.5% | 12.9% | 0.0% | 15.8% | 8.3% | 21.1% | 0.0% |
| Sweden | 14.3% | 0.0% | 9.0% | 0.9% | 11.2% | 10.1% | 0.0% | 54.5% | 0.0% |
| Norway | 31.2% | 0.4% | 3.3% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 6.8% | 0.0% | 55.0% | 3.2% |
| Lithuania | 1.7% | 39.4% | 13.2% | 5.4% | 0.0% | 9.7% | 0.0% | 28.0% | 2.7% |
| Türkiye | 11.8% | 53.6% | 5.8% | 4.1% | 0.0% | 3.0% | 19.4% | 2.3% | 0.0% |
| Slovenia | 6.1% | 15.6% | 0.0% | 1.5% | 6.7% | 8.2% | 4.0% | 57.6% | 0.3% |
| Belgium | 0.2% | 27.6% | 5.4% | 3.3% | 11.9% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 50.0% | 0.0% |
| Portugal | 6.9% | 20.3% | 6.7% | 3.3% | 0.0% | 5.1% | 0.0% | 57.7% | 0.0% |
| Austria | 8.9% | 12.3% | 1.8% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 7.7% | 0.0% | 66.7% | 1.0% |
| Netherlands | 0.0% | 12.1% | 3.9% | 2.5% | 0.4% | 13.1% | 0.9% | 67.1% | 0.0% |
| France | 2.0% | 10.5% | 1.3% | 0.7% | 10.8% | 5.0% | 0.0% | 69.5% | 0.0% |
| Greece | 2.5% | 15.0% | 8.8% | 7.9% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 2.3% | 63.0% | 0.0% |
| Latvia | 8.1% | 26.3% | 0.7% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 8.2% | 0.2% | 53.7% | 1.4% |
| Spain | 2.8% | 30.0% | 5.0% | 4.7% | 4.4% | 1.1% | 0.2% | 51.6% | 0.0% |
| Bulgaria | 1.8% | 29.2% | 0.9% | 3.5% | 10.2% | 1.2% | 5.7% | 47.0% | 0.5% |
| Czechia | 0.9% | 38.8% | 0.2% | 1.2% | 10.2% | 4.9% | 11.1% | 28.8% | 3.9% |
| Denmark | 0.0% | 3.8% | 10.7% | 2.0% | 0.0% | 3.7% | 0.9% | 78.9% | 0.0% |
| Iceland | 11.3% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 4.7% | 0.0% | 84.0% | 0.0% |
| Slovakia | 2.9% | 59.2% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 11.0% | 1.6% | 0.3% | 22.9% | 1.7% |
| Ireland | 0.5% | 11.7% | 7.0% | 0.7% | 0.0% | 7.4% | 0.4% | 72.5% | 0.0% |
| Italy | 5.8% | 82.8% | 2.4% | 3.9% | 0.0% | 2.8% | 0.4% | 1.6% | 0.2% |
| Georgia | 14.1% | 19.2% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 66.5% | 0.0% |
| Hungary | 0.1% | 15.5% | 0.3% | 4.2% | 7.2% | 1.7% | 1.5% | 68.9% | 0.6% |
| Serbia | 11.4% | 1.9% | 1.4% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 26.6% | 58.1% | 0.0% |
| Germany | 0.8% | 28.5% | 5.0% | 2.6% | 0.0% | 4.1% | 3.8% | 55.1% | 0.0% |
| Finland | 1.3% | 0.2% | 1.9% | 0.1% | 3.0% | 5.5% | 0.1% | 88.0% | 0.0% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 9.3% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 15.6% | 73.5% | 0.2% |
| Estonia | 0.1% | 13.5% | 1.9% | 2.0% | 0.0% | 6.4% | 0.0% | 71.1% | 5.1% |
| Poland | 0.3% | 21.2% | 3.4% | 2.3% | 0.0% | 1.9% | 29.7% | 38.9% | 2.2% |
| Malta | 0.0% | 42.3% | 0.0% | 7.6% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 49.9% | 0.0% |
| Romania | 2.4% | 41.2% | 1.1% | 0.6% | 1.8% | 0.6% | 1.2% | 50.5% | 0.5% |
| North Macedonia | 3.0% | 2.8% | 0.4% | 1.9% | 0.0% | 1.1% | 5.2% | 85.7% | 0.0% |
| Croatia | 3.2% | 1.6% | 1.3% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 92.7% | 0.0% |
| Moldova | 0.9% | 19.8% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 78.3% | 0.0% |
| Cyprus | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 98.5% | 0.0% |
| Kosovo | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Method. Eurostat reports what each sector consumes by carrier (gas, oil, electricity, heat…). Electricity is split across the country's generation sources for the same year (OWID / Ember), which is how wind, solar, hydro and nuclear appear here. Derived heat and non-renewable waste are shown as "Other".