Overview / Industries
Food, beverages & tobacco
Low-carbon share of food, beverages & tobacco energy, 2024
Click a highlighted country to filter. Grey countries are not covered by Eurostat.
Low-carbon share
< 10%
10–20
20–30
30–40
40–50
≥ 50%No sector data
European Union (27) — final energy use
320.3 TWh2024
Low-carbon share
31.3%
Fossil share
64.5%
Delivered as electricity
35.4%
European Union (27) — energy sources
2024
Show data table
| Source | TWh | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 15.1 | 4.7% |
| Natural gas | 165.7 | 51.7% |
| Wind | 20.1 | 6.3% |
| Solar | 12.6 | 3.9% |
| Nuclear | 26.6 | 8.3% |
| Bioenergy & other renewables | 25.8 | 8.1% |
| Coal | 20.0 | 6.3% |
| Oil | 20.9 | 6.5% |
| Other (heat, waste) | 13.5 | 4.2% |
European Union (27) — over time
Show data table
| Year | Hydro | Natural gas | Wind | Solar | Nuclear | Bioenergy & other renewables | Coal | Oil | Other (heat, waste) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 15.1 | 165.7 | 20.1 | 12.6 | 26.6 | 25.8 | 20.0 | 20.9 | 13.5 |
| 2023 | 13.4 | 161.1 | 19.4 | 10.3 | 25.2 | 24.6 | 21.9 | 22.8 | 14.0 |
| 2022 | 11.2 | 168.5 | 17.2 | 8.6 | 24.8 | 24.7 | 29.0 | 23.8 | 14.3 |
| 2021 | 13.6 | 177.0 | 15.1 | 6.4 | 28.6 | 24.2 | 28.9 | 20.3 | 14.1 |
| 2020 | 13.8 | 165.7 | 15.8 | 5.8 | 27.1 | 23.5 | 26.5 | 20.4 | 17.4 |
| 2019 | 12.4 | 168.7 | 14.2 | 4.8 | 29.6 | 22.4 | 30.6 | 21.5 | 16.2 |
| 2018 | 12.9 | 167.4 | 12.0 | 4.3 | 28.6 | 21.9 | 38.4 | 22.4 | 16.9 |
| 2017 | 10.8 | 166.3 | 11.4 | 3.9 | 27.8 | 20.3 | 38.5 | 24.0 | 17.0 |
| 2016 | 12.8 | 162.7 | 9.9 | 3.7 | 28.5 | 20.4 | 38.7 | 25.8 | 16.3 |
| 2015 | 12.4 | 155.3 | 9.7 | 3.7 | 28.9 | 17.6 | 40.5 | 24.9 | 15.6 |
| 2014 | 13.7 | 153.6 | 8.3 | 3.5 | 30.2 | 17.1 | 39.8 | 24.5 | 15.4 |
| 2013 | 13.0 | 154.5 | 7.4 | 3.0 | 28.6 | 15.5 | 40.2 | 25.8 | 13.9 |
| 2012 | 11.8 | 154.4 | 6.7 | 2.5 | 28.8 | 15.8 | 43.8 | 27.7 | 13.9 |
| 2011 | 10.8 | 155.3 | 5.8 | 1.7 | 29.3 | 15.4 | 41.8 | 30.2 | 13.4 |
| 2010 | 12.6 | 154.0 | 4.7 | 0.8 | 29.0 | 15.4 | 40.8 | 33.2 | 10.8 |
| 2009 | 11.5 | 144.2 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 28.9 | 14.4 | 41.7 | 35.7 | 11.1 |
| 2008 | 11.1 | 145.9 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 30.1 | 14.6 | 43.6 | 44.5 | 12.0 |
| 2007 | 10.4 | 144.8 | 3.4 | 0.1 | 29.5 | 13.4 | 48.9 | 47.9 | 12.1 |
| 2006 | 10.4 | 141.9 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 30.6 | 12.9 | 47.9 | 50.6 | 10.1 |
| 2005 | 10.6 | 151.9 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 31.7 | 12.0 | 50.1 | 53.7 | 10.7 |
Country comparison, 2024
Sorted by low-carbon share. Electricity attributed to each country's generation mix.
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Show data table
| Country | Hydro | Natural gas | Wind | Solar | Nuclear | Bioenergy & other renewables | Coal | Oil | Other (heat, waste) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iceland | 67.7% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 28.0% | 0.0% | 4.2% | 0.0% |
| Norway | 61.7% | 11.7% | 6.5% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 1.8% | 0.0% | 15.2% | 3.0% |
| Sweden | 21.2% | 14.8% | 13.3% | 1.4% | 16.6% | 4.1% | 0.0% | 7.6% | 21.0% |
| Luxembourg | 4.5% | 22.2% | 19.0% | 14.9% | 0.0% | 18.2% | 0.0% | 21.2% | 0.0% |
| Albania | 37.9% | 28.2% | 0.0% | 5.9% | 0.0% | 9.3% | 0.0% | 18.7% | 0.0% |
| Spain | 4.1% | 41.4% | 7.5% | 7.0% | 6.6% | 23.4% | 1.3% | 8.5% | 0.2% |
| Finland | 7.8% | 6.2% | 11.2% | 0.5% | 17.8% | 9.0% | 0.6% | 10.3% | 36.6% |
| Bulgaria | 2.7% | 40.0% | 1.4% | 5.2% | 15.1% | 19.7% | 8.6% | 3.3% | 4.0% |
| France | 5.1% | 44.9% | 3.2% | 1.8% | 27.1% | 5.0% | 1.1% | 7.2% | 4.6% |
| Portugal | 13.1% | 45.2% | 12.6% | 6.3% | 0.0% | 9.1% | 0.0% | 10.2% | 3.5% |
| Hungary | 0.2% | 51.5% | 0.6% | 8.2% | 14.3% | 15.0% | 2.5% | 3.5% | 4.3% |
| Serbia | 10.4% | 23.6% | 1.3% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 26.2% | 24.1% | 5.0% | 9.3% |
| Greece | 2.2% | 27.4% | 7.6% | 6.8% | 0.0% | 21.1% | 2.0% | 33.0% | 0.0% |
| Montenegro | 7.9% | 0.0% | 1.2% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 28.1% | 10.4% | 52.1% | 0.0% |
| Denmark | 0.0% | 45.3% | 21.5% | 4.0% | 0.0% | 11.8% | 3.6% | 11.7% | 2.1% |
| Lithuania | 2.0% | 51.2% | 15.7% | 6.4% | 0.0% | 12.9% | 1.0% | 7.2% | 3.6% |
| Slovakia | 5.7% | 61.1% | 0.0% | 0.8% | 21.5% | 5.5% | 1.4% | 2.7% | 1.4% |
| Slovenia | 12.1% | 43.7% | 0.0% | 2.9% | 13.2% | 4.6% | 7.9% | 11.7% | 4.0% |
| Latvia | 17.0% | 47.6% | 1.5% | 2.9% | 0.0% | 11.1% | 0.4% | 13.1% | 6.3% |
| Austria | 19.1% | 60.2% | 3.8% | 3.4% | 0.0% | 4.8% | 1.1% | 4.5% | 3.2% |
| Belgium | 0.2% | 65.0% | 5.9% | 3.6% | 13.1% | 7.7% | 0.3% | 3.2% | 1.0% |
| Georgia | 28.8% | 68.4% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 1.6% | 0.2% | 0.0% |
| Estonia | 0.2% | 24.3% | 6.5% | 6.6% | 0.0% | 14.4% | 0.1% | 37.8% | 10.1% |
| Romania | 8.5% | 58.6% | 3.9% | 2.1% | 6.5% | 6.4% | 4.4% | 5.5% | 4.1% |
| Croatia | 14.2% | 56.7% | 5.7% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 4.9% | 2.7% | 11.5% | 2.6% |
| North Macedonia | 8.0% | 24.0% | 1.0% | 5.2% | 0.0% | 10.6% | 13.8% | 37.3% | 0.0% |
| Italy | 8.9% | 65.8% | 3.7% | 6.0% | 0.0% | 5.4% | 0.7% | 5.5% | 4.0% |
| Cyprus | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.8% | 11.5% | 0.0% | 10.1% | 0.0% | 76.6% | 0.0% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 18.3% | 16.1% | 1.2% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 32.7% | 28.9% | 0.2% |
| Germany | 1.5% | 60.0% | 8.9% | 4.7% | 0.0% | 5.8% | 9.3% | 4.3% | 5.4% |
| Czechia | 1.2% | 44.8% | 0.3% | 1.6% | 12.9% | 2.9% | 19.1% | 3.1% | 14.2% |
| Netherlands | 0.0% | 76.0% | 8.6% | 5.6% | 0.9% | 3.2% | 2.3% | 1.3% | 2.0% |
| Kosovo | 1.9% | 0.0% | 3.3% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 9.7% | 59.0% | 26.0% | 0.0% |
| Türkiye | 6.2% | 34.4% | 3.0% | 2.1% | 0.0% | 1.6% | 49.2% | 0.5% | 2.9% |
| Ireland | 0.5% | 70.6% | 7.5% | 0.7% | 0.0% | 3.2% | 0.4% | 17.0% | 0.0% |
| Poland | 0.4% | 44.0% | 4.6% | 3.2% | 0.0% | 3.2% | 37.8% | 4.5% | 2.4% |
| Malta | 0.0% | 58.9% | 0.0% | 10.6% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 30.2% | 0.0% |
| Moldova | 1.8% | 49.5% | 1.2% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 5.6% | 1.2% | 1.9% | 38.3% |
Method. Eurostat reports what each sector consumes by carrier (gas, oil, electricity, heat…). Electricity is split across the country's generation sources for the same year (OWID / Ember), which is how wind, solar, hydro and nuclear appear here. Derived heat and non-renewable waste are shown as "Other".