Overview / Industries
Machinery
Low-carbon share of machinery energy, 2024
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Low-carbon share
< 10%
10–20
20–30
30–40
40–50
≥ 50%No sector data
European Union (27) — final energy use
168.4 TWh2024
Low-carbon share
42.7%
Fossil share
53.6%
Delivered as electricity
58.6%
European Union (27) — energy sources
2024
Show data table
| Source | TWh | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 13.2 | 7.8% |
| Natural gas | 68.9 | 40.9% |
| Wind | 17.5 | 10.4% |
| Solar | 10.9 | 6.5% |
| Nuclear | 23.1 | 13.7% |
| Bioenergy & other renewables | 7.1 | 4.2% |
| Coal | 10.0 | 5.9% |
| Oil | 11.4 | 6.7% |
| Other (heat, waste) | 6.4 | 3.8% |
European Union (27) — over time
Show data table
| Year | Hydro | Natural gas | Wind | Solar | Nuclear | Bioenergy & other renewables | Coal | Oil | Other (heat, waste) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 13.2 | 68.9 | 17.5 | 10.9 | 23.1 | 7.1 | 10.0 | 11.4 | 6.4 |
| 2023 | 12.1 | 70.7 | 17.5 | 9.3 | 22.7 | 7.1 | 12.1 | 16.9 | 6.8 |
| 2022 | 10.3 | 78.5 | 15.7 | 7.8 | 22.6 | 7.9 | 17.5 | 13.8 | 7.4 |
| 2021 | 12.8 | 88.4 | 14.3 | 6.0 | 27.0 | 8.1 | 16.3 | 13.5 | 7.7 |
| 2020 | 12.8 | 81.9 | 14.7 | 5.4 | 25.2 | 7.8 | 14.1 | 13.1 | 7.9 |
| 2019 | 12.3 | 88.3 | 14.1 | 4.8 | 29.5 | 7.7 | 18.3 | 14.8 | 7.4 |
| 2018 | 13.2 | 86.4 | 12.3 | 4.4 | 29.2 | 7.6 | 23.9 | 15.8 | 7.1 |
| 2017 | 11.0 | 90.0 | 11.7 | 4.0 | 28.5 | 7.1 | 25.3 | 16.0 | 7.1 |
| 2016 | 12.7 | 86.0 | 9.8 | 3.7 | 28.3 | 7.6 | 25.2 | 16.8 | 7.0 |
| 2015 | 12.4 | 82.1 | 9.7 | 3.7 | 28.9 | 7.1 | 27.2 | 16.7 | 6.4 |
| 2014 | 14.5 | 79.1 | 8.7 | 3.7 | 31.9 | 7.2 | 28.3 | 18.1 | 6.9 |
| 2013 | 13.9 | 86.6 | 7.9 | 3.2 | 30.5 | 7.3 | 28.8 | 20.8 | 7.5 |
| 2012 | 12.3 | 87.6 | 7.0 | 2.6 | 30.2 | 6.4 | 28.9 | 20.4 | 8.2 |
| 2011 | 11.5 | 94.4 | 6.2 | 1.8 | 31.4 | 6.0 | 28.5 | 21.5 | 7.9 |
| 2010 | 13.7 | 97.1 | 5.1 | 0.9 | 31.4 | 5.7 | 27.3 | 24.6 | 8.6 |
| 2009 | 11.4 | 89.7 | 4.3 | 0.5 | 28.6 | 4.7 | 25.9 | 26.0 | 8.0 |
| 2008 | 12.9 | 103.7 | 4.5 | 0.3 | 35.0 | 4.7 | 32.1 | 29.4 | 8.4 |
| 2007 | 10.8 | 103.0 | 3.5 | 0.1 | 30.6 | 4.0 | 31.4 | 29.7 | 7.5 |
| 2006 | 10.7 | 102.4 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 31.7 | 3.8 | 31.1 | 31.6 | 6.7 |
| 2005 | 10.5 | 101.9 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 31.2 | 3.2 | 30.6 | 31.5 | 8.8 |
Country comparison, 2024
Sorted by low-carbon share. Electricity attributed to each country's generation mix.
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Show data table
| Country | Hydro | Natural gas | Wind | Solar | Nuclear | Bioenergy & other renewables | Coal | Oil | Other (heat, waste) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iceland | 70.7% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 29.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Norway | 80.9% | 1.6% | 8.5% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 5.1% | 2.9% |
| Sweden | 26.8% | 2.0% | 16.8% | 1.7% | 21.0% | 6.6% | 0.0% | 6.8% | 18.2% |
| Luxembourg | 5.3% | 25.0% | 22.0% | 17.2% | 0.0% | 21.0% | 0.0% | 9.5% | 0.0% |
| France | 8.1% | 33.3% | 5.2% | 2.8% | 43.5% | 1.8% | 0.1% | 4.6% | 0.5% |
| Portugal | 22.2% | 29.0% | 21.4% | 10.6% | 0.0% | 6.3% | 0.0% | 10.6% | 0.0% |
| Lithuania | 4.0% | 31.2% | 31.3% | 12.9% | 0.0% | 11.7% | 0.0% | 5.5% | 3.5% |
| Finland | 10.4% | 2.5% | 14.8% | 0.7% | 23.6% | 8.5% | 0.6% | 8.7% | 30.3% |
| Austria | 37.0% | 32.0% | 7.4% | 6.6% | 0.0% | 5.8% | 0.0% | 6.8% | 4.4% |
| Slovakia | 10.1% | 38.6% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 38.2% | 5.0% | 1.1% | 3.2% | 2.4% |
| Denmark | 0.0% | 19.1% | 30.9% | 5.7% | 0.0% | 16.9% | 2.6% | 8.9% | 15.8% |
| Georgia | 48.8% | 50.7% | 0.4% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Slovenia | 19.1% | 28.8% | 0.0% | 4.5% | 20.8% | 4.6% | 12.5% | 6.8% | 2.9% |
| Latvia | 22.1% | 35.6% | 1.9% | 3.7% | 0.0% | 19.0% | 0.1% | 8.5% | 9.1% |
| Hungary | 0.4% | 46.8% | 1.1% | 15.0% | 26.2% | 3.4% | 4.0% | 2.6% | 0.4% |
| Bulgaria | 4.6% | 34.1% | 2.4% | 9.0% | 25.9% | 2.9% | 14.5% | 6.1% | 0.4% |
| Spain | 6.5% | 48.9% | 11.7% | 11.0% | 10.3% | 1.4% | 0.5% | 9.7% | 0.0% |
| Croatia | 23.7% | 44.0% | 9.4% | 2.9% | 0.0% | 3.9% | 2.8% | 10.1% | 3.3% |
| Belgium | 0.4% | 50.3% | 9.4% | 5.7% | 20.8% | 3.5% | 0.0% | 9.9% | 0.0% |
| Ireland | 1.9% | 56.4% | 28.9% | 2.7% | 0.0% | 2.5% | 1.6% | 6.0% | 0.0% |
| Estonia | 0.3% | 9.9% | 9.9% | 10.1% | 0.0% | 15.7% | 0.0% | 37.6% | 16.6% |
| Greece | 4.4% | 40.6% | 15.5% | 13.9% | 0.0% | 0.9% | 4.0% | 20.6% | 0.0% |
| Germany | 2.8% | 41.6% | 16.4% | 8.6% | 0.0% | 6.9% | 12.6% | 6.4% | 4.7% |
| Czechia | 2.1% | 34.2% | 0.5% | 2.8% | 23.4% | 5.0% | 21.4% | 2.8% | 7.8% |
| North Macedonia | 16.9% | 16.8% | 2.1% | 11.0% | 0.0% | 2.6% | 29.1% | 21.6% | 0.0% |
| Netherlands | 0.0% | 60.9% | 16.3% | 10.7% | 1.7% | 3.3% | 3.6% | 2.9% | 0.5% |
| Romania | 12.5% | 53.3% | 5.7% | 3.1% | 9.6% | 0.9% | 6.3% | 5.6% | 3.0% |
| Cyprus | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.6% | 27.1% | 0.0% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 69.0% | 0.0% |
| Serbia | 17.6% | 22.0% | 2.2% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 10.7% | 41.4% | 5.8% | 0.0% |
| Italy | 11.0% | 61.6% | 4.6% | 7.4% | 0.0% | 4.9% | 0.8% | 9.3% | 0.3% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 24.3% | 1.9% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 42.6% | 27.2% | 0.5% |
| Türkiye | 12.9% | 50.6% | 6.3% | 4.4% | 0.0% | 3.3% | 21.3% | 1.1% | 0.1% |
| Montenegro | 7.9% | 0.0% | 1.2% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 10.4% | 14.9% | 65.4% | 0.0% |
| Poland | 0.7% | 37.1% | 8.9% | 6.1% | 0.0% | 3.0% | 34.3% | 4.3% | 5.6% |
| Malta | 0.0% | 78.4% | 0.0% | 14.1% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 7.1% | 0.0% |
| Kosovo | 2.9% | 0.0% | 5.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 6.5% | 85.4% | 0.1% | 0.0% |
| Moldova | 4.6% | 82.9% | 3.0% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.6% | 3.6% | 3.6% |
Method. Eurostat reports what each sector consumes by carrier (gas, oil, electricity, heat…). Electricity is split across the country's generation sources for the same year (OWID / Ember), which is how wind, solar, hydro and nuclear appear here. Derived heat and non-renewable waste are shown as "Other".