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Households
Low-carbon share of households energy, 2024
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Low-carbon share
< 10%
10–20
20–30
30–40
40–50
≥ 50%No sector data
European Union (27) — final energy use
2,653.2 TWh2024
Low-carbon share
42.0%
Fossil share
49.5%
Delivered as electricity
26.9%
European Union (27) — energy sources
2024
Show data table
| Source | TWh | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 95.0 | 3.6% |
| Natural gas | 892.2 | 33.6% |
| Wind | 126.2 | 4.8% |
| Solar | 106.0 | 4.0% |
| Nuclear | 166.9 | 6.3% |
| Bioenergy & other renewables | 621.1 | 23.4% |
| Coal | 122.2 | 4.6% |
| Oil | 299.3 | 11.3% |
| Other (heat, waste) | 224.3 | 8.5% |
European Union (27) — over time
Show data table
| Year | Hydro | Natural gas | Wind | Solar | Nuclear | Bioenergy & other renewables | Coal | Oil | Other (heat, waste) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 95.0 | 892.2 | 126.2 | 106.0 | 166.9 | 621.1 | 122.2 | 299.3 | 224.3 |
| 2023 | 84.9 | 899.8 | 122.8 | 92.6 | 159.2 | 627.4 | 142.6 | 300.8 | 227.6 |
| 2022 | 70.3 | 1,000.0 | 107.4 | 80.7 | 155.1 | 654.9 | 179.8 | 333.1 | 231.0 |
| 2021 | 89.6 | 1,163.2 | 99.5 | 67.3 | 188.2 | 681.4 | 184.5 | 321.1 | 256.4 |
| 2020 | 89.8 | 1,062.3 | 103.0 | 62.5 | 176.8 | 609.5 | 171.7 | 386.4 | 236.9 |
| 2019 | 78.3 | 1,064.1 | 89.8 | 54.3 | 187.1 | 619.5 | 189.0 | 370.3 | 242.1 |
| 2018 | 83.3 | 1,054.4 | 77.7 | 51.1 | 184.7 | 616.8 | 241.4 | 369.2 | 245.1 |
| 2017 | 71.3 | 1,074.1 | 75.6 | 47.8 | 183.9 | 589.5 | 258.4 | 391.3 | 257.2 |
| 2016 | 84.0 | 1,064.3 | 64.9 | 45.8 | 186.7 | 573.3 | 265.0 | 398.9 | 256.8 |
| 2015 | 80.9 | 989.2 | 63.4 | 44.9 | 189.5 | 571.9 | 271.0 | 409.9 | 245.0 |
| 2014 | 89.3 | 910.9 | 53.7 | 42.1 | 196.0 | 544.9 | 269.5 | 397.3 | 234.8 |
| 2013 | 91.3 | 1,108.6 | 52.0 | 39.2 | 200.0 | 610.0 | 295.0 | 456.9 | 261.2 |
| 2012 | 82.1 | 1,108.7 | 46.4 | 34.9 | 200.9 | 598.0 | 302.0 | 457.3 | 249.0 |
| 2011 | 74.4 | 1,074.1 | 40.0 | 28.1 | 202.7 | 526.1 | 290.5 | 461.3 | 246.5 |
| 2010 | 92.2 | 1,217.6 | 34.7 | 20.7 | 211.8 | 578.4 | 306.6 | 514.4 | 275.4 |
| 2009 | 82.0 | 1,125.9 | 31.0 | 16.8 | 205.5 | 532.8 | 290.2 | 518.8 | 248.4 |
| 2008 | 76.6 | 1,120.1 | 26.6 | 13.0 | 208.1 | 521.3 | 291.1 | 567.5 | 249.0 |
| 2007 | 71.1 | 1,063.9 | 23.1 | 10.5 | 201.5 | 476.0 | 298.0 | 502.6 | 251.9 |
| 2006 | 72.5 | 1,139.6 | 18.4 | 9.0 | 213.8 | 442.5 | 309.7 | 633.1 | 247.9 |
| 2005 | 71.2 | 1,153.2 | 15.8 | 7.6 | 212.5 | 424.1 | 295.1 | 658.9 | 258.8 |
Country comparison, 2024
Sorted by low-carbon share. Electricity attributed to each country's generation mix.
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Show data table
| Country | Hydro | Natural gas | Wind | Solar | Nuclear | Bioenergy & other renewables | Coal | Oil | Other (heat, waste) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | 63.9% | 0.7% | 6.7% | 0.2% | 0.0% | 24.6% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 3.5% |
| Albania | 53.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 4.1% | 0.0% | 23.8% | 0.0% | 18.4% | 0.0% |
| Montenegro | 22.7% | 0.0% | 3.5% | 2.3% | 0.0% | 52.3% | 18.8% | 0.4% | 0.0% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 9.1% | 2.1% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 63.9% | 17.1% | 1.8% | 4.9% |
| Portugal | 13.6% | 13.8% | 13.1% | 8.8% | 0.0% | 38.0% | 0.0% | 12.7% | 0.0% |
| Finland | 6.1% | 0.5% | 8.8% | 0.5% | 14.0% | 37.9% | 0.4% | 2.7% | 29.2% |
| Slovenia | 11.3% | 8.5% | 0.0% | 3.7% | 12.4% | 39.8% | 7.4% | 10.6% | 6.4% |
| Bulgaria | 4.1% | 7.2% | 2.2% | 8.8% | 23.3% | 25.6% | 13.6% | 1.0% | 14.2% |
| Croatia | 11.7% | 27.0% | 4.6% | 2.0% | 0.0% | 44.3% | 1.4% | 4.3% | 4.7% |
| France | 4.5% | 24.7% | 2.9% | 2.2% | 24.0% | 28.4% | 0.1% | 9.8% | 3.5% |
| Estonia | 0.1% | 6.3% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 0.0% | 54.6% | 0.0% | 9.0% | 23.1% |
| Sweden | 18.3% | 0.3% | 11.5% | 1.3% | 14.4% | 14.0% | 0.0% | 2.7% | 37.4% |
| Austria | 15.8% | 18.3% | 3.2% | 4.5% | 0.0% | 35.7% | 0.1% | 9.3% | 13.2% |
| North Macedonia | 12.3% | 11.7% | 1.5% | 8.7% | 0.0% | 34.6% | 21.3% | 2.7% | 7.3% |
| Serbia | 9.3% | 11.2% | 1.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 43.1% | 23.0% | 0.9% | 11.2% |
| Lithuania | 1.0% | 13.1% | 8.0% | 3.3% | 0.0% | 40.6% | 1.3% | 5.1% | 27.6% |
| Spain | 5.7% | 29.7% | 10.3% | 11.8% | 9.0% | 14.7% | 0.4% | 18.2% | 0.2% |
| Latvia | 6.9% | 11.8% | 0.6% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 41.5% | 0.1% | 6.0% | 31.9% |
| Czechia | 0.8% | 24.6% | 0.2% | 1.3% | 8.8% | 36.9% | 13.1% | 1.0% | 13.3% |
| Romania | 4.3% | 38.4% | 2.0% | 1.0% | 3.3% | 36.7% | 2.9% | 3.7% | 7.5% |
| Greece | 2.4% | 23.6% | 8.4% | 16.1% | 0.0% | 20.1% | 2.2% | 26.5% | 0.6% |
| Moldova | 0.8% | 35.3% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 44.4% | 2.9% | 5.6% | 10.3% |
| Denmark | 0.0% | 10.8% | 12.5% | 2.6% | 0.0% | 28.5% | 1.1% | 3.9% | 40.6% |
| Kosovo | 1.7% | 0.0% | 2.9% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 38.5% | 50.4% | 3.5% | 2.8% |
| Slovakia | 3.5% | 45.4% | 0.0% | 0.9% | 13.3% | 21.6% | 1.8% | 0.8% | 12.8% |
| Hungary | 0.1% | 50.2% | 0.4% | 5.4% | 8.8% | 24.1% | 1.8% | 1.3% | 7.9% |
| Cyprus | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.8% | 28.1% | 0.0% | 8.5% | 0.0% | 61.6% | 0.0% |
| Italy | 4.2% | 58.6% | 1.8% | 3.7% | 0.0% | 22.5% | 0.3% | 6.3% | 2.6% |
| Poland | 0.2% | 23.3% | 2.1% | 1.9% | 0.0% | 26.6% | 26.2% | 3.1% | 16.7% |
| Germany | 1.0% | 40.2% | 6.2% | 4.6% | 0.0% | 16.6% | 5.0% | 19.9% | 6.4% |
| Belgium | 0.1% | 44.8% | 3.7% | 2.5% | 8.1% | 13.7% | 0.3% | 26.6% | 0.2% |
| Malta | 0.0% | 64.5% | 0.0% | 13.7% | 0.0% | 12.7% | 0.0% | 9.1% | 0.0% |
| Luxembourg | 1.2% | 46.8% | 5.2% | 4.7% | 0.0% | 13.9% | 0.0% | 28.2% | 0.0% |
| Netherlands | 0.0% | 69.7% | 6.6% | 4.6% | 0.7% | 12.0% | 1.5% | 1.7% | 3.2% |
| Türkiye | 4.8% | 57.9% | 2.4% | 5.0% | 0.0% | 11.3% | 17.4% | 1.3% | 0.0% |
| Georgia | 11.5% | 76.7% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 11.3% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.0% |
| Iceland | 12.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 7.5% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 80.0% |
| Ireland | 0.7% | 31.5% | 10.2% | 1.5% | 0.0% | 4.9% | 8.5% | 42.7% | 0.0% |
Method. Eurostat reports what each sector consumes by carrier (gas, oil, electricity, heat…). Electricity is split across the country's generation sources for the same year (OWID / Ember), which is how wind, solar, hydro and nuclear appear here. Derived heat and non-renewable waste are shown as "Other".