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Germany
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Low-carbon share of primary energy. ◆ in the list = industry breakdown available.
Low-carbon share
< 10%
10–20
20–30
30–40
40–50
≥ 50%No data
Primary energy
3,157 TWh2024
Low-carbon share (energy)
24.0%
Low-carbon share (electricity)
59.1%2025
Fossil share (energy)
76.0%
Primary energy mix
2024 · all uses
Show data table
| Source | TWh | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 54.2 | 1.7% |
| Natural gas | 785.7 | 24.9% |
| Wind | 338.7 | 10.7% |
| Solar | 180.8 | 5.7% |
| Bioenergy & other renewables | 183.0 | 5.8% |
| Coal | 438.2 | 13.9% |
| Oil | 1,176.5 | 37.3% |
Electricity generation mix
2025 · grid
Show data table
| Source | TWh | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 19.6 | 3.9% |
| Natural gas | 82.7 | 16.5% |
| Wind | 136.0 | 27.2% |
| Solar | 89.6 | 17.9% |
| Bioenergy & other renewables | 50.5 | 10.1% |
| Coal | 103.2 | 20.6% |
| Oil | 18.9 | 3.8% |
Primary energy by source over time
Show data table
| Year | Hydro | Natural gas | Wind | Solar | Nuclear | Bioenergy & other renewables | Coal | Oil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 54.2 | 785.7 | 338.7 | 180.8 | 0.0 | 183.0 | 438.2 | 1,176.5 |
| 2023 | 48.5 | 728.0 | 345.8 | 155.8 | 17.6 | 190.9 | 487.4 | 1,165.5 |
| 2022 | 43.3 | 755.8 | 306.7 | 148.2 | 85.3 | 197.1 | 641.8 | 1,242.0 |
| 2021 | 48.4 | 917.4 | 282.4 | 121.5 | 170.3 | 192.1 | 621.9 | 1,209.8 |
| 2020 | 45.2 | 871.1 | 326.2 | 122.2 | 159.0 | 199.1 | 514.9 | 1,223.2 |
| 2019 | 48.8 | 892.8 | 311.6 | 111.9 | 185.8 | 189.4 | 624.2 | 1,351.0 |
| 2018 | 44.0 | 858.5 | 273.5 | 110.2 | 189.1 | 192.0 | 806.7 | 1,337.0 |
| 2017 | 50.4 | 877.4 | 264.2 | 96.9 | 190.8 | 191.0 | 835.9 | 1,408.9 |
| 2016 | 51.6 | 848.8 | 200.8 | 94.4 | 212.6 | 190.5 | 889.9 | 1,321.9 |
| 2015 | 48.0 | 769.5 | 204.1 | 96.4 | 232.4 | 188.5 | 915.1 | 1,296.5 |
| 2014 | 49.8 | 739.0 | 148.8 | 90.2 | 247.1 | 184.0 | 925.9 | 1,298.3 |
| 2013 | 58.8 | 849.7 | 134.9 | 78.3 | 248.8 | 173.8 | 963.4 | 1,334.3 |
| 2012 | 56.1 | 811.1 | 133.2 | 68.9 | 256.3 | 170.1 | 936.1 | 1,305.4 |
| 2011 | 45.8 | 808.6 | 129.2 | 51.8 | 279.7 | 148.2 | 910.8 | 1,313.3 |
| 2010 | 54.6 | 880.7 | 100.4 | 31.2 | 366.0 | 137.6 | 896.2 | 1,357.6 |
| 2009 | 50.0 | 844.3 | 103.5 | 17.6 | 354.2 | 128.1 | 834.3 | 1,339.8 |
| 2008 | 53.9 | 895.0 | 109.2 | 11.9 | 392.6 | 119.3 | 931.8 | 1,399.1 |
| 2007 | 56.3 | 886.4 | 107.7 | 8.3 | 373.8 | 113.1 | 1,008.3 | 1,319.5 |
| 2006 | 53.6 | 920.1 | 83.8 | 6.1 | 447.5 | 91.0 | 983.3 | 1,457.2 |
| 2005 | 52.8 | 902.8 | 74.7 | 3.5 | 438.3 | 65.9 | 945.4 | 1,460.1 |
| 2004 | 56.2 | 888.2 | 70.5 | 1.5 | 452.8 | 44.0 | 988.1 | 1,490.5 |
| 2003 | 49.9 | 883.7 | 52.0 | 0.9 | 449.8 | 36.1 | 1,013.6 | 1,507.7 |
| 2002 | 64.9 | 873.1 | 43.3 | 0.5 | 451.6 | 25.7 | 997.1 | 1,537.8 |
| 2001 | 64.1 | 874.5 | 29.0 | 0.3 | 473.2 | 19.8 | 994.9 | 1,591.0 |
| 2000 | 69.2 | 829.2 | 26.4 | 0.0 | 471.1 | 13.2 | 992.1 | 1,570.4 |
| 1999 | 57.5 | 836.2 | 15.4 | 0.1 | 472.2 | 10.5 | 955.6 | 1,601.1 |
| 1998 | 52.8 | 838.6 | 12.5 | 0.0 | 448.9 | 9.5 | 992.5 | 1,650.7 |
| 1997 | 52.6 | 831.0 | 8.2 | 0.0 | 473.1 | 8.1 | 1,016.8 | 1,648.9 |
| 1996 | 52.3 | 869.9 | 5.6 | 0.0 | 448.9 | 7.3 | 1,049.4 | 1,658.9 |
| 1995 | 59.9 | 777.4 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 428.1 | 6.8 | 1,053.9 | 1,631.1 |
| 1994 | 56.1 | 712.9 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 420.0 | 6.2 | 1,111.5 | 1,632.0 |
| 1993 | 52.7 | 700.1 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 426.4 | 5.2 | 1,145.8 | 1,646.9 |
| 1992 | 51.8 | 661.6 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 441.1 | 4.9 | 1,214.5 | 1,621.7 |
| 1991 | 44.0 | 669.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 409.4 | 4.7 | 1,343.6 | 1,607.6 |
| 1990 | 48.2 | 636.9 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 423.6 | 4.5 | 1,529.7 | 1,537.3 |
| 1989 | 50.7 | 633.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 449.1 | 5.5 | 1,640.1 | 1,468.4 |
| 1988 | 55.8 | 618.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 435.6 | 5.1 | 1,614.4 | 1,562.9 |
| 1987 | 56.5 | 628.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 393.7 | 4.5 | 1,633.6 | 1,562.0 |
| 1986 | 51.6 | 579.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 362.5 | 5.0 | 1,640.4 | 1,604.2 |
| 1985 | 48.3 | 581.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 385.1 | 5.1 | 1,736.0 | 1,522.7 |
| 1984 | 51.3 | 588.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 289.8 | 5.1 | 1,745.2 | 1,477.6 |
| 1983 | 52.0 | 563.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 216.8 | 4.8 | 1,691.0 | 1,482.4 |
| 1982 | 54.8 | 541.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 206.7 | 5.6 | 1,631.5 | 1,513.9 |
| 1981 | 55.3 | 583.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 182.0 | 5.6 | 1,671.3 | 1,601.4 |
| 1980 | 53.0 | 610.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 154.4 | 6.1 | 1,643.8 | 1,764.3 |
| 1979 | 51.1 | 619.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 144.6 | 4.5 | 1,606.8 | 1,950.0 |
| 1978 | 51.0 | 560.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 121.9 | 4.1 | 1,518.5 | 1,890.3 |
| 1977 | 48.8 | 522.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 114.6 | 3.9 | 1,499.0 | 1,812.4 |
| 1976 | 38.5 | 492.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 82.0 | 4.0 | 1,560.8 | 1,835.0 |
| 1975 | 47.4 | 465.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 67.0 | 3.5 | 1,478.6 | 1,698.3 |
| 1974 | 49.0 | 440.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 40.2 | 3.4 | 1,632.1 | 1,748.5 |
| 1973 | 42.3 | 352.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 33.6 | 3.3 | 1,625.1 | 1,927.1 |
| 1972 | 36.7 | 273.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 26.4 | 3.2 | 1,619.9 | 1,807.8 |
| 1971 | 37.4 | 211.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 17.3 | 3.1 | 1,659.4 | 1,712.5 |
| 1970 | 48.7 | 159.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18.0 | 2.9 | 1,734.0 | 1,644.1 |
| 1969 | 38.1 | 112.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13.7 | 0.0 | 1,756.0 | 1,496.9 |
| 1968 | 46.9 | 78.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 0.0 | 1,705.4 | 1,331.1 |
| 1967 | 46.3 | 48.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 1,681.3 | 1,187.4 |
| 1966 | 48.7 | 37.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 1,745.3 | 1,141.8 |
| 1965 | 45.0 | 31.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 1,869.5 | 1,020.6 |
Industry breakdown
Energy sources by sector, 2024
Final energy use; electricity attributed to the national generation mix.
Click a bar to drill down.
Show data table
| Sector | Hydro | Natural gas | Wind | Solar | Bioenergy & other renewables | Coal | Oil | Other (heat, waste) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Households | 6.4 | 245.0 | 37.8 | 28.2 | 101.3 | 30.4 | 121.6 | 39.3 |
| Transport | 0.8 | 10.6 | 5.0 | 2.6 | 32.1 | 3.7 | 521.0 | 0.0 |
| Commercial & public services | 5.8 | 111.3 | 34.5 | 18.4 | 40.2 | 25.9 | 23.0 | 17.8 |
| Chemical & petrochemical | 2.5 | 62.0 | 14.7 | 7.7 | 6.7 | 15.0 | 2.3 | 28.8 |
| Iron & steel | 1.1 | 22.2 | 6.3 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 37.4 | 1.2 | 0.6 |
| Non-metallic minerals (cement, glass) | 0.5 | 24.0 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 6.0 | 15.0 | 3.2 | 9.2 |
| Food, beverages & tobacco | 0.9 | 34.4 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 3.1 |
| Paper, pulp & printing | 0.8 | 21.5 | 4.7 | 2.5 | 9.8 | 4.8 | 1.0 | 8.0 |
| Machinery | 1.4 | 20.4 | 8.0 | 4.2 | 3.4 | 6.2 | 3.1 | 2.3 |
| Agriculture & forestry | 0.2 | 4.6 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 9.7 | 1.0 | 23.6 | 0.0 |
| Other manufacturing | 0.7 | 9.1 | 4.2 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 1.4 |
| Construction | 0.2 | 7.6 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 14.8 | 0.0 |
| Transport equipment | 0.7 | 11.0 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 3.3 | 1.2 | 2.3 |
| Wood & wood products | 0.2 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 15.2 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| Non-ferrous metals | 0.5 | 10.0 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 0.3 |
| Textile & leather | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Mining & quarrying | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.0 |
Industry (total)
Industry (total) — energy sources
2024 · 562.5 TWh · 35% delivered as electricity
Show data table
| Source | TWh | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 9.4 | 1.7% |
| Natural gas | 226.8 | 40.3% |
| Wind | 56.1 | 10.0% |
| Solar | 29.4 | 5.2% |
| Bioenergy & other renewables | 53.3 | 9.5% |
| Coal | 95.5 | 17.0% |
| Oil | 35.2 | 6.3% |
| Other (heat, waste) | 56.8 | 10.1% |
Industry (total) — over time
Show data table
| Year | Hydro | Natural gas | Wind | Solar | Nuclear | Bioenergy & other renewables | Coal | Oil | Other (heat, waste) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 9.4 | 226.8 | 56.1 | 29.4 | 0.0 | 53.3 | 95.4 | 35.2 | 56.8 |
| 2023 | 8.0 | 226.7 | 52.8 | 24.0 | 2.7 | 51.8 | 103.8 | 51.9 | 56.1 |
| 2022 | 6.4 | 238.2 | 45.4 | 21.9 | 12.6 | 51.5 | 128.8 | 51.1 | 60.5 |
| 2021 | 7.4 | 272.5 | 43.3 | 18.7 | 26.2 | 51.6 | 120.0 | 47.9 | 64.4 |
| 2020 | 7.0 | 264.0 | 49.3 | 18.5 | 24.0 | 51.1 | 113.1 | 48.0 | 61.8 |
| 2019 | 7.3 | 260.0 | 46.8 | 16.8 | 27.9 | 50.6 | 126.5 | 46.6 | 64.6 |
| 2018 | 6.5 | 257.8 | 40.1 | 16.2 | 27.7 | 50.6 | 150.0 | 47.4 | 67.7 |
| 2017 | 7.3 | 273.9 | 38.1 | 14.0 | 27.5 | 50.5 | 159.3 | 33.2 | 60.9 |
| 2016 | 7.4 | 261.5 | 28.7 | 13.5 | 30.4 | 50.6 | 167.6 | 36.6 | 62.9 |
| 2015 | 6.8 | 245.3 | 28.9 | 13.6 | 32.9 | 48.5 | 172.2 | 43.8 | 60.1 |
| 2014 | 7.4 | 246.4 | 22.0 | 13.3 | 36.6 | 49.8 | 170.6 | 41.8 | 60.2 |
| 2013 | 8.3 | 252.6 | 19.1 | 11.1 | 35.2 | 47.1 | 173.2 | 44.3 | 64.4 |
| 2012 | 8.1 | 256.2 | 19.2 | 9.9 | 37.0 | 47.0 | 172.8 | 46.6 | 62.8 |
| 2011 | 6.8 | 259.9 | 19.3 | 7.7 | 41.8 | 48.0 | 177.0 | 49.4 | 57.6 |
| 2010 | 7.7 | 266.9 | 14.1 | 4.4 | 51.5 | 43.9 | 162.8 | 56.4 | 51.4 |
| 2009 | 6.5 | 229.9 | 13.5 | 2.3 | 46.4 | 35.2 | 143.2 | 56.6 | 53.5 |
| 2008 | 7.6 | 266.0 | 15.4 | 1.7 | 55.2 | 32.4 | 168.8 | 64.4 | 52.0 |
| 2007 | 8.0 | 265.1 | 15.4 | 1.2 | 53.3 | 37.9 | 180.7 | 62.8 | 47.5 |
| 2006 | 7.4 | 245.8 | 11.5 | 0.8 | 61.5 | 30.8 | 182.9 | 61.0 | 44.4 |
| 2005 | 7.4 | 251.1 | 10.4 | 0.5 | 61.3 | 30.1 | 176.4 | 62.4 | 34.4 |
Compare this industry across countries on the Industry (total) industry page.